Julius Caesar Theme Essays - Cultural Depictions Of Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar Theme The play Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare, or as I prefer to believe Edward de Vere, introduces many readers to a world where speeches are made on many occasions. In this world of rhetoric, persuasive oratory, speeches help people persuade crowds. However, a crowd is not always persuaded by speeches. If a speech is poorly developed with no supporting evidence, a crowd may not agree with an orator. They may instead support the ideas of another orator. In the play Julius Caesar, two prominent figures, Decius Brutus and Mark Antony, try to persuade a crowd of Plebeians. Both men use appealing tactics to sway the crowd. Brutus appeals to the crowd's love for Rome (patriotism), while Antony appealed to their emotion and logic. Brutus' speech is defensive and poorly structured. He begins his speech by addressing the crowd as "Romans, countrymen..." (Julius Caesar 3.2, 13), making it known that he is talking to the crowd as Roman citizens. One of the first mistakes Brutus makes is he bases his whole speech on his honor. He tells the crowd to believe and agree with everything he says because he is an honorable man. This is not a strong line of defense or persuasion because it is hard to believe the things someone says especially if they do not offer you supportive evidence. Rather than giving evidence, Brutus gives an arrogant request, "Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor, that you may believe." (Julius Caesar 3.2, 14-16). This is interesting because Brutus does not back up his statement (that he is honorable) with evidence. Already, Brutus is overestimating the trust of the crowd. Brutus attempts to cover up his lack of evidence by flattering the crowd by telling them that he will let them be the judge of his actions. (This is a big honor because in Rome at the time, Plebeians receive horrible, degrading treatment.) "Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge." (Julius Caesar 3.2, 16-17). Brutus continues to tell the crowd that he wants them to know all the facts so they can "awake their senses" and judge him better. This is rather ironic since Brutus never gives facts in his speech. He gives his opinions about Julius Caesar's ambition, but not facts. Even so, the crowd begins to sway at Brutus' flattery. Brutus moves on and starts justifying his actions. He claims that he is responsible for the death of Caesar because of Caesar's ambition. "As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honor him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him." (Julius Caesar 3.2, 24-27). Brutus is appealing to the crowds wish to be free men without Caesar rather than be slaves under Caesar's tyranny. However, Brutus does not cite any examples to support his allegation of Caesar's ambition. He instead leaves his statements"open-ended". Brutus seems to expect the crowd to believe his arguments just because he is honorable. This is not a wise choice because the crowd is too emotionally shocked (about Caesar's murder) to excited about patriotism. Brutus fails to incorporate "logic" and "emotion" in his speech. Many critics believe that this is the factor that leads to the "mutiny" against him. Brutus seems to have no other supporting arguments for his case, so he asks the crowd questions like; who is so corrupt to want to be a slave under Caesar's rule rather than be free without him. Even if someone would rather be a slave, it is not likely that they will admit to being corrupt. When Brutus starts judging the crowd, he begins to lose his effect on them. "Who is here so base that would rather be a bondsman? If any speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that would not be a Roman? If any speak, for him have I offended. Who here is so rude that would not be a Roman? If any speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply." (Julius Caesar, 3.2,29-34) The crowd responds to his questions by telling him that no one is base, rude or vile, but then again who would agree with those statements? Brutus ends his speech saying that he would kill for Rome and die for Rome. Funny, why should anyone believe him? He doesn't even have evidence to prove his honor or Caesar's ambition. On what should the crowd base their

How to Add Page Numbers in Microsoft Word

How to Add Page Numbers in Microsoft Word How to Add Page Numbers in Microsoft Word Adding page numbers to a Microsoft Word document is a fundamental element of formatting. This is particularly important in a longer piece of work, like a dissertation, since it prevents the pages from getting mixed up and helps your reader navigate the document. What many people don’t realize, however, is that Microsoft Word offers customized formatting options for page numbers, allowing you to apply different styles to different parts of a document. In today’s blog post, we run through how you can use page numbers to make your work look tidy and professional. Adding Page Numbers to a Document The basic process of adding page numbers to a document is simple. All you need to do is: Go to the â€Å"Insert† tab and click â€Å"Page Number† in the â€Å"Header Footer† section In the dropdown menu, select where you want your page numbers to appear (header, footer or margins) Finally, select the alignment for your page numbers (left, right or center) This will add page numbers throughout your document, making it easier to navigate between sections. Formatting Page Numbers The default page number style in Microsoft Word can be adjusted using the â€Å"Format Page Numbers† option in the dropdown menu. The pop-up menu that appears when you click on this gives you two main options: Number Format This allows you to control the style of numbering you apply in your document. The default is Arabic numerals, but you can use lettering or Roman numerals instead if you prefer. You can also add the chapter number to your page numbering by selecting â€Å"Include Chapter Number,† but this only works if you’ve applied appropriate â€Å"Heading† styles in your document. Page Numbering These options allow you to control the number at which your page numbering starts. Usually this will default to â€Å"1,† starting at the first page of your document. Sections Breaks and Page Numbering Microsoft Word can also apply different styles of page numbering in different parts of your document. This can be handy if, for instance, you want the page numbers to begin only after the cover page, or if you wanted to use Roman numerals for pages preceding the introduction. To do this, however, you’ll need to add section breaks to your document: Select where you want a section break to appear Go to â€Å"Page Layout† and click â€Å"Breaks† Select â€Å"Next Page† under â€Å"Section Breaks† in the dropdown menu To apply different page number styles before and after the break: Go to â€Å"Insert† and find the â€Å"Header Footer† section Select â€Å"Edit† under either â€Å"Header† or â€Å"Footer† Select the header/footer where you want to apply a particular numbering style In the â€Å"Design† tab, deselect â€Å"Link to Previous† Once this is done, changing the formatting style of the page numbers in one part of the document will leave preceding sections unchanged.